Relationship between pressure and volume of a gas when the temperature is constant
was discovered by Robert Boyle in 1662. Edme Mariotte also reached the same conclusion that Boyle, but did not publish his work until 1676. This is the reason why in many books we have this law as the law of Boyle and Mariotte.
"In an isothermal process (constant temperature) the volume of a gas varies inversely proportional to absolute pressure at which this subject, while the density varies in proportion to the .
law Boyle states that the pressure of a gas in an enclosed space is inversely proportional to the volume of container, when the temperature is constant, ie
| The volume is inversely proportional to the pressure: • If the pressure increases, volume decreases. |
Why does this happen?
By increasing the volume of particles (atoms or molecules) of gas take longer to reach the vessel walls and therefore collide less often per unit time against them. This means that the pressure will be less as this represents the frequency of collisions of gas against the walls.
When the volume distance particles have to travel less and therefore there are more shocks in each unit of time: increasing the pressure.
What Boyle discovered is that if the amount of gas and the temperature remains constant, the product of pressure and volume is always the same value.
As we have seen, the expression mathematics of this law is:
(the product of pressure and volume is constant)
Suppose we have a certain volume of gas V 1 found at a pressure P 1 the beginning of the experiment. If we vary the volume of gas to a new value V 2 , then the pressure changes to P 2 , and it shall come
which is another way of expressing the law of Boyle.
Example:
4.0 L of a gas are at 600.0 mmHg. What will be its new volume if we increase the pressure to 800.0 mmHg?
Solution: Substitute the values \u200b\u200binto the equation P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 .
(600.0 mmHg) (4.0 L) = (800.0 mmHg) (V 2 )
If you clear V 2 get a value for the new volume of 3L.
HISTORY
Robert Boyle was born aristocrat home in Lismore Castle in Lismore, Waterford, Ireland, in 1627 seventh son and fourteenth in total, the wealthy Earl of Cork. Still a child, learned to speak Latin and French, being sent only eight years at Eton College, of which he was director of her father's friend Sir Henry Wotton. At 15, he started traveling with a French tutor. He lived about two years in Geneva and visiting Italy in 1641, spent the winter in Florence studying the paradoxes of Galileo Galilei, who pass away the following year.
In 1657, reading about the air pump by Otto von Guericke, was proposed with the help of Robert Hooke develop improvements in its construction, which resulted in the machine or pneumatic machine Boyleana completed in 1659 and it started with a series of experiments on the properties of air. In 1660, he published an account of the work done with that instrument with the title New Experiments PhysicoMechanical Touching the Spring of Air and Its Effects (New Physico-mechanical experiments on the elasticity of air and its effects).
Using such a bomb, was the first to demonstrate Galileo's assertion that in a vacuum, a feather and a lump of lead fall at the same speed, and also established that the sound is not transmitted in a vacuum. His most important discovery because of the vacuum pump was the beginning (called later, Boyle's Law) that the volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure with which the gas is compressed and also that, if eliminates the pressure, the air "recovered" (his own word) of its original volume. Having established that the air was compressible. Boyle was convinced that it was composed of small particles separated by empty space. All these ideas were published in a book with a title very long, often called "the elasticity of the air" played a significant role in establishing the idea of \u200b\u200bthe atomic nature of matter.
In the field of chemistry, Boyle noted that the air is consumed in the combustion process and that metals gain weight when oxidized. Recognized the difference between a compound and a mixture, and formulated his atomic theory of matter based on laboratory experiments.
Among the critics of the theories expounded in this work was the Jesuit Franciscus Linus (1595-1675), while answering his objections that Boyle enunciated the volume of a gas varies inversely pressure, known in the Anglo-Saxon as Boyle's Law, and the rest of Europe as Boyle's law, although the latter was not published until 1676.
Around 1689, his health, never very robust, began to fail, forcing him to withdraw from her public engagements, ceasing his communications with the Royal Society and making public their desire to be excused from receiving visitors, except in very special occasions, Tuesday and Friday mornings and Wednesday and Saturday afternoon. His health deteriorated in 1691 and died on 30 December that year when beaten by a court, just a week after his sister died, with whom he had lived more than 20 years. His body was interred in the chapel of St Martin's in the Fields, after a funeral officiated by his friend Bishop Burnet.
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