PRESSURE PULMONARY SYNDROME
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
In emergency or panic, the diver may rise and drop sharply in depth apnea either dives of work and leisure.
Subject decompressive accidents that it can induce and depend on the maximum depth and time spent in the background, the sudden decrease of pressure will produce an increase in intrapulmonary air volume that can easily overcome in a short space of time the limit of relaxation and expansion, the diver during ascent must expel all the remaining air from the lungs of otherwise cause major organ damage. If for example the emergency was being produced at a depth of 30 meters theoretical lung capacity of 5 liters at a pressure of 4 atmospheres (405 kPa) will be converted into 20 liters to reach the surface, ie, the diver must be removed during the rise of 15 liters of extra air. Otherwise the excess volume intrapulmonary cause a series of adverse events. For a moment the chest cavity becomes a pressure vessel that maintains intrathoracic pressure above ambient. The trapped air will seek out all possible avenues permeated pipes and virtual spaces.
hyperextended lungs would exceed the limits of expansion and would cause tearing or rupture of the parenchyma, which in extreme cases could even lead to a burst lung. In case of obstacles to free air travel, due to mucus plugs eg in this case, the break could be limited to only one lobe or one segment.
Sometimes the lungs, well protected by its own structures could be adapted to the pressure without producing organ damage. In these cases the air out by natural look, becoming real and virtual spaces and open passages and arteriocapilares arteriovenous communications, maintaining the anatomical integrity but surely clicking extrapulmonary air to areas leading in most cases to a pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum , subcutaneous emphysema and gas embolism.
To avoid such problems it never hurts to take into account the possibility that one can find in a situation that involves the rise in sleep apnea and try to perform exercises in preparation for these cases. It is quite difficult to find a diver to be aware of these issues, especially because this instruction is usually given a very brief and not re-run by most divers, especially in the case of sports.
0 comments:
Post a Comment