These devices were originally created for use in areas contaminated by smoke or poisonous gases. For years, were employed to conduct rescue work in mines and in areas susceptible to flooding. It was not until later that suggested the use of such equipment under water.
All teams closed-circuit self based on the same principle: the diver breathes again and again the same charge of air that is renewed by a chemical that absorbs excess CO2 generated by respiration.
prototype Stephan The Halls
The earliest references that are on these teams are a British botanist named Stephan Halls, who designed this facility to enhance the security of the British miners . The apparatus consisted of a breathing bag leather walls were lined with flannel soaked with a mixture of seawater and a chemical compound of sodium, chloride and phosphate of lime. A curved tube connected the breathing bag with a valve.
Salt and chemical were used to absorb CO2 from the exhaled air was breathed again. Halls himself claimed that the autonomy of this equipment was about 8 or 9 minutes, but experts believe that an allowance is disproportionate. The device contained relatively little air, so that despite the absorption of CO2, the diver oxygen depletion after a few minutes and come a time to die for lack of that component.
The first bottles of air
The first team was really effective Henry Fleus invented in 1876. It was a scuba apparatus compact, simple and easy to transport. Circuit was closed, and had a bottle of thirty atmospheres laden air and a cartridge containing CO2 absorbent.
This new mechanism was revolutionary, because it lengthened the time spent under water until 2 hours, but little depth. Soon after, the team thought a helmet incorporating copper, giving it the look of classic diver that everyone present.
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